How to fix «This NVIDIA Graphics Driver is not compatible with this version of Windows»?

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The Nvidia’s «GeForce Experience» tool did not help too:

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Installing Windows updates did not solve the problem.

Removing the previous driver version (391.35) via the “Display Driver Uninstaller” tool did not solve the problem.

I have solved it by completely reinstalling Windows 10.
See also: How to fix the «0x0003» error of NVIDIA GeForce Experience?